The Title bar of an application window shows the title of the current document and the name of the application.
The Title bar of an application window shows the title of the current document and the name of the application.
Other kinds of windows may show only the title of the window or only the buttons.
Left
end:
At the left of the
Title bar is 
the control icon. Each program has its own picture to put here. When you click on the icon, a menu appears with commands to control the size and location of the window.
Title bars for windows that show files and folders in Windows Vista and Win7 do not
have a control icon, but right clicking in on the Title bar brings up the same menu.
Right
end: 
On the right end of the
Title bar are buttons
to minimize the window to the Taskbar, maximize the window to cover the whole Desktop, and close the window.
An application window usually has a menu bar.
Each command opens a cascading menu or a ribbon of commands.
Cascade means that a menu can have other menus in it.
In
Win7 and Office 2007, there are only a few menu items, which change what is in the ribbon below the menu. The
illustration above has only 2 menu items: Home and View. There can be
several types of objects on the ribbon, including command buttons, drop lists,
and palettes of choices like the Colors palette and Shapes palette in the example from Paint above.
A toolbar contains
buttons for the most commonly used commands. The icons are supposed to make it
easy to guess what the button does. Most applications use similar buttons
for the same commands.
The toolbar above has icons for the commands:
New, Open, Save, Print, Preview, Find, Cut, Copy, Paste, Undo, Insert
Date/Time
An application might have several toolbars in view at once. A context-sensitive toolbar will appear only when the commands on it apply to what you are doing. For example, if you select a picture in a Word document, the Picture toolbar appears.
A
ribbon is used in
Win7 and many newer applications instead of
a toolbar. A ribbon can include a whole palette of choices, like the color
palette in the Paint ribbon in the illustration above. A ribbon can also have buttons
that open dialogs for more options like Brushes and simple buttons like Cut and
Copy.
The bottom of a window contains the Status Bar. It displays messages about the status of the program. For example, it might say "Saving document" during the saving process and then "Done" when it is finished.
The example from Win7's Paint shows which brush is selected at the left, the
size of the current image in the middle, and has a slider to change the zoom
display for the window. What you see in the Status Bar will vary with the type
of window.
The
diagonal lines in the corner of the Status Bar mean that the window can be
resized by dragging its edges.
Some
dialogs can be enlarged but cannot be made smaller. The corner has only 2
diagonal lines in this case.
Some windows cannot be resized at all. These may not show the status bar. However, some windows don't show the status bar and yet can still be resized. You will just have to try and see if it works!
Windows that are too small to show the whole document will have scroll bars for the width or the height of the document, or both, if necessary. You change what part of the document is showing by dragging the scroll box or by clicking the scroll arrow or by clicking in the scrollbar itself.
The size of the scroll box in many applications is in proportion to how much of the document is showing. So, if half the document is visible, the scroll box will be half of its maximum length.
The main area of the application window shows the active document. For a word processing program this could be a letter, a brochure, or a report. For a graphics programs it would be a picture. For a browser it would be a web page.
You can have windows inside other windows. Many programs can have several documents open at the same time inside the application's window, like the examples below from Paint Shop Pro, which has 4 image windows open in the document area. The version on the left has the windows in a cascade inside the application window. The version on the right has the same windows tiled horizontally.
In WinXP
and Windows Vista some
applications show a separate Taskbar button for each open document.
You can also have WinXP and Windows Vista group similar windows together onto one button with a cascading list.
Most programs in Win7 use a separate window for each document but only one icon
on the Taskbar. You can hover over a program's icon to see a thumbnail of each open document.
The illustration shows a Word icon with 3 open documents. Notice that the middle
thumbnail in the illustration doesn't actually show you what the document looks like.
If you
viewed it recently, the thumbnail will actually show you something. Some
programs, like PowerPoint, don't show the document at all, just a program icon.
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